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Edna Griffin biographical information, 1998
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Civil Rights Time Line 1839 - Iowa Territorial Supreme Court rules that fugitive slaves in Iowa are free. In Re Ralph, A Black Man. 1857- U.S. Supreme Court rules that fugitive slaves in free states and territories must be returned to their masters. Dred Scott v. Sandford. 1863- Emancipation Proclamation is signed by President Abraham Lincoln. 1866 - 13th Amendment abolishes slavery and involuntary servitude. Civil Rights Act of 1866 guarantees African Americans the right to contact and equal protection under the law. 1868 - Iowa Supreme Court rules that segregated schools are illegal. Clark v. The Board of Directors 1873 - Iowa Supreme Court rules that African- Americans are entitled to equal treatment in public accommodations. Coger v. The North West Union Packet Co. 1875 - The Iowa Supreme Court rules that schools cannot deny admittance to African- Americans. Smith v. The Directors of the Ind. Sch Dist of Keokuk and Dove v. The Ind. Sch. Dist. of Keokuk. 1880 - Iowa Constitution amended to allow African American en to serve in the Iowa General Assembly. 1884 - Iowa Civil Rights Act of 1884 prohibits discrimination in public accommodations. 1885 - Iowa Supreme Court rules in that it is illegal for a skating rink to deny admittance to African- Americans. Bowlin v.Lyon 1896 - U.S. Supreme Court rules in Plessy v. Ferguson that the "seperate but equal" doctrine is constitutional. 1905 - Iowa Supreme Court rules that it is illegal for an eating house to deny service to an African-American juror. Humburd v. Crawford. 1930 - Katz Drug Store opens at 7th and Locust in Des Moines. 1943 - Earl Vroman, manager at the Katz store, is acquitted of charges of refusing to serve African-Americans under the 1884 Iowa civil right law. 1944 - Maurice Katz, stor manager is acquitted on charges of refusing to serve African- Americans. 1947 - Two other Katz employees are acquitted. 1948 - July 7 - Edna Griffin, Phyllis Griffin, John Biibs and Leonard Hudson are denied service at Katz Drug Store. 1948 - July 10- Criminal charges are filed against Maurice Katz. August and September- Katz Drug Store picketed. Sit-ins occur at the lunch counter. October 6 - Maurice Katz in convicted. November 11- Clifford Nixon, operator of Nixon's Luncheonette is acquirred on charges of refusing serve African-Americans. November 23 - Katz' motion for a new trial denied and he is fined $50. Katz appeals to the Iowa Supreme Court. 1949- " Committee to End Jim Crow at Katz" founded. September 16- jury denies damages in civil case against Nixon's Luncheonette. October 14 - Griffin's civil case goes to trial and she wins $1.00. Iowa Supreme Court hears oral arguments in the criminal case, State v.Katz November - Katz denies service to Edna Griffin, John Bibbs, Arthur Bryant, Barbara Williams, Kenneth Walker, Leonard Hudson and Gordon Jasper, who file civil lawsuits. December 2- Katz settles lawsuits for $1,000, and promises to end discriminatory practices. December 13, Iowa Supreme Court upholds the conviction in State v. Katz. 1954 - U.S. Supreme Court declares that the " separate but equal" doctrine in unconstitutional. Brown V. Bd of Education. 1955 December- Rosa Parks of Montgomery, Al refuses to give up her seat on a bus to a white man, triggering a 13-month bus boycott which eventually integrated the transportation system. 1960- College students in Nashville, TN, begin lunch counter sit-ins. Movement spreads to other cities. 1963- August 28 - the March on Washington takes place, and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., delivers his " I Have a Dream" speech. Edna Griffin leads the Iowa Delegation to the March. Griffin organizes the Des Moines Chapter of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) 1964- July 3 - President Lyndon Johnson signs into law the 1964 Civil rights Act 1965 - March - the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) leads a march from Selma to Montgomery, AL to secure voting rights. The Iowa Civil Right Act of 1965 is passed and signed into law by Governor Harold Hughes 1968 - April 4- assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in Memphis, TN. 3
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Civil Rights Time Line 1839 - Iowa Territorial Supreme Court rules that fugitive slaves in Iowa are free. In Re Ralph, A Black Man. 1857- U.S. Supreme Court rules that fugitive slaves in free states and territories must be returned to their masters. Dred Scott v. Sandford. 1863- Emancipation Proclamation is signed by President Abraham Lincoln. 1866 - 13th Amendment abolishes slavery and involuntary servitude. Civil Rights Act of 1866 guarantees African Americans the right to contact and equal protection under the law. 1868 - Iowa Supreme Court rules that segregated schools are illegal. Clark v. The Board of Directors 1873 - Iowa Supreme Court rules that African- Americans are entitled to equal treatment in public accommodations. Coger v. The North West Union Packet Co. 1875 - The Iowa Supreme Court rules that schools cannot deny admittance to African- Americans. Smith v. The Directors of the Ind. Sch Dist of Keokuk and Dove v. The Ind. Sch. Dist. of Keokuk. 1880 - Iowa Constitution amended to allow African American en to serve in the Iowa General Assembly. 1884 - Iowa Civil Rights Act of 1884 prohibits discrimination in public accommodations. 1885 - Iowa Supreme Court rules in that it is illegal for a skating rink to deny admittance to African- Americans. Bowlin v.Lyon 1896 - U.S. Supreme Court rules in Plessy v. Ferguson that the "seperate but equal" doctrine is constitutional. 1905 - Iowa Supreme Court rules that it is illegal for an eating house to deny service to an African-American juror. Humburd v. Crawford. 1930 - Katz Drug Store opens at 7th and Locust in Des Moines. 1943 - Earl Vroman, manager at the Katz store, is acquitted of charges of refusing to serve African-Americans under the 1884 Iowa civil right law. 1944 - Maurice Katz, stor manager is acquitted on charges of refusing to serve African- Americans. 1947 - Two other Katz employees are acquitted. 1948 - July 7 - Edna Griffin, Phyllis Griffin, John Biibs and Leonard Hudson are denied service at Katz Drug Store. 1948 - July 10- Criminal charges are filed against Maurice Katz. August and September- Katz Drug Store picketed. Sit-ins occur at the lunch counter. October 6 - Maurice Katz in convicted. November 11- Clifford Nixon, operator of Nixon's Luncheonette is acquirred on charges of refusing serve African-Americans. November 23 - Katz' motion for a new trial denied and he is fined $50. Katz appeals to the Iowa Supreme Court. 1949- " Committee to End Jim Crow at Katz" founded. September 16- jury denies damages in civil case against Nixon's Luncheonette. October 14 - Griffin's civil case goes to trial and she wins $1.00. Iowa Supreme Court hears oral arguments in the criminal case, State v.Katz November - Katz denies service to Edna Griffin, John Bibbs, Arthur Bryant, Barbara Williams, Kenneth Walker, Leonard Hudson and Gordon Jasper, who file civil lawsuits. December 2- Katz settles lawsuits for $1,000, and promises to end discriminatory practices. December 13, Iowa Supreme Court upholds the conviction in State v. Katz. 1954 - U.S. Supreme Court declares that the " separate but equal" doctrine in unconstitutional. Brown V. Bd of Education. 1955 December- Rosa Parks of Montgomery, Al refuses to give up her seat on a bus to a white man, triggering a 13-month bus boycott which eventually integrated the transportation system. 1960- College students in Nashville, TN, begin lunch counter sit-ins. Movement spreads to other cities. 1963- August 28 - the March on Washington takes place, and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., delivers his " I Have a Dream" speech. Edna Griffin leads the Iowa Delegation to the March. Griffin organizes the Des Moines Chapter of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) 1964- July 3 - President Lyndon Johnson signs into law the 1964 Civil rights Act 1965 - March - the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) leads a march from Selma to Montgomery, AL to secure voting rights. The Iowa Civil Right Act of 1965 is passed and signed into law by Governor Harold Hughes 1968 - April 4- assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in Memphis, TN. 3
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