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Coal Measures and Coal Mining in Iowa, including paleontology and a discussion on the coal formation; also the methods of mining by Russell T. Hartman, 1898

Coal Measures and Coal Mining in Iowa by Russell T. Hartman, 1898, Page 81

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[page]80.[/page] toward cardinal angles, hinge area present but very narrow; cardinal process exposed, bifid, nearly closing the foramen of the other valve. On the interior of this valve are fine ridges radiating from the cardinal process, two of which pass obliquely outward forming the dental sockets, a third passes down the middle of the valve forming a mesial ridge about one half as long as the valve, the other two occupy intermediate oblique positions. Anteriorly the interior of this valve bears granules. Beak small merging into cardinal process. Ventral valve moderately convex most prominent either side of teh central region, since since [?] there is a broad shallow mesial depression; beak small slightly incurved
 
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